In this article, I have given an Introduction of the writer, a summary, a theme, and important questions of the essay using the Scientific Method. This essay is included in the syllabus of F. A. part 2 Book II.
Using the Scientific Method
(by Derral Bernard & Lon Edwards)
Introduction of the writer
Derral Bernard was the chairman of depart of school education at New York University. Lon Edwards was also chairman of the science department at Dobury state teachers college. Derral and Bernard supervised teachers of science in college high school at colorado state college of education. Their famous book is " The Basic Science".
Summary
First of all, we discussed, what is the scientific method. In a scientific method, first of all, we make an observation of an event and then we ask questions about this event. Thirdly, we form a hypothesis and forth we make an experiment to test this hypothesis. Fifthly we analyze the data and draw a conclusion.
We can reject the hypothesis and modify the hypothesis if needed. In this essay writers discussed the benefits of science in our life. First of all, science helps us in maintaining health. Secondly, science helps us in the production and preservation of foods. Science helps us in building houses and other structures. Communication and transportation were improved with the help of science.
The Scientific methods not only improved our living standards but also changed our ideas and thoughts. Science changes our attitude and removes superstitions. There is a long list of benefits that we got from the scientific method. The writers divided these benefits into four types.
1. Better control of diseases
2. Better sanitary condition
3. More food and better food
4. Better Attitudes
First of all, we talk about better control of the disease. The writers say that only two thousand years ago three of four babies died before reaching their first birthday. There are many diseases and only 25.% children survived for one year. Life was uncertain and short. The person who lived for 30 years, was considered fortunate. Today, the situation changed, today children were born in hospitals and they are saved from these diseases. They are vaccinated and saved from different diseases. The invention of modern equipment and medicine make cure essay. The Scientific methods added 30 years to man's life.
The writers say that only one hundred years ago the condition of our cities was very bad streets were narrow and unpaved. Their sanitary condition was very bad. people throw garbage in streets and bazaars and outdoor toilets were common. Now, the scientific method has improved sanitary conditions in our cities. The scientific method has solved all sanitary problems. Now, pure and clean water is available in large quantities.
The scientific method solved the problem of food. We can use fruits and vegetables throughout the whole year. Science has changed our thoughts and ideas. Modern man has got rid of superstitions and fears. Now they think logically. Man has to believe in rational things. Now people do not fear black cats, broken mirrors, and 13 numbers. Now, people have changed their thoughts and ideas. They are broad-minded and realistic. The Scientific method revolutionized modern man's life.
Theme
In this essay writers discussed the advantage of the scientific method in our life. The scientific method has improved man's life and provided many benefits. The scientific method is a blessing for man. It solved many problems for man. With the help of the scientific method, we can fly like a bird and swim like fish. The scientific methods brought many changes in man's life. Science has great power and it helped man in all fields of life.
Important Questions
Q1. What is meant by using the Scientific method?
The scientific method means the technique of systematic study concerned with observed material and natural facts.
Q2. What understanding does the lesson impart to us?
The essay helps us understand how the use of the scientific method has improved living conditions and changed people.
Q3. What was the death rate among infants in the past?
In the past, about seven out of eight babies died before reaching their first birthday.
Q4. What diseases attacked the young in the past?
The diseases such as smallpox measles, whooping cough scarlet fever, diphtheria yellow fever, malaria, typhus, cholera, typhoid fever, and even influenza caused great death all among the young in the past.
Q5. What was man's average life in the past?
Man's average life in the past was thirty years.
Q6. What addition to man's average life has the use of the scientific method made?
The use of the scientific method has made man's life average life seventy years today.
Q7. How have these medical changes become possible?
The use of scientific methods has made these changes possible by discovering the causes of diseases and their prevention.
Q8. Describe sanitary conditions of the past.
In the past city streets were narrow, unpaved, and poorly drained where household garbage and other refuse were thrown and the wandering animals fed on them.
Q9. What did these poor sanitary conditions cause?
These poor sanitary conditions caused the spread of diseases like typhoid fever, cholera, malaria, and dysentery.
Q10. Describe the sanitary conditions of today.
Today city streets are paved, clean, and well-drained with a modern sewage system that carries refuse and dirty water from all sections of the city to disposal plants. This development in sanitary conditions prevents the spread of certain diseases.
Q11. Compare the conditions of clean water of the past with those of the present.
In the past water by the bucketful is used for household use which made it difficult to use water for cleaning and bathing purposes. The use of the scientific method has brought a revolution in this field. Now clean water is supplied through sealed pipelines to meet the needs of an increasing population of cities. The writer exemplifies it by describing how a thousand million liters of water are supplied to Los Angeles by carrying water from the Colorado river, 544 kilometers away.
Q12. What were the eating habits in the past?
The people of the past could not eat a variety of food as they had to eat the food produced on their own farms. So seafood and the food produced in far-flung areas were not available to them.
Q13. How scientific method helped us in the production and preservation of food?
With the help of inventions in agricultural tools and advanced study, we have become able to produce more food than was produced in the past. By the quick freezing method, modern methods of selecting, grading, and processing foods, and hydration we have become able to preserve food for a long time.
Q14. What were our ancestors afraid of?
Our ancestors were afraid of the signs and omens of bad luck such as black cats, broken mirrors, and the number 13.
Q15. How has the scientific method enabled us to get over old fears?
The scientific method has demonstrated that there is always a genuine natural reason for every happening. So we now accept only those ideas which are supported by facts. In this way, we have become able to get over old fears.
Q16. What part did astrology play in our lives in the past?
Astrology influences our lives in the past and our forefathers believed in the influence of stars on our lives. They were superstitious and lived a constant fearful life.
Q17. Describe some superstitions still current in our country.
Unfortunately, the scientific method has not changed our lives in Pakistan and we still believe in the signs of good or bad luck and wear charms to ward off them. We also believed in a broken mirror, black cats, and the number 13.
Q18. Point out other fields in which we have benefitted from the scientific method?
The scientific method has also enabled us to improve our ways of building houses, our methods of communication and transportation, and even the way se spent our leisure time.
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