In this article, I have explained the present perfect tense with examples and exercises. The present perfect tense is one of the tenses that is frequently used in speaking and writing. I have explained the positive sentences, negative sentences, and Interrogative sentences with examples. I have also given the exercise with positive, negative, and interrogative sentences.
Present perfect Tense
Introduction
The present perfect tense is one of the tenses that is frequently used in writing and speaking. It is a very easy Tense if we compare it with the other twelve tenses. It is used to express an action which is used to happen in the past but usually the action which is happened or completed at a short time before now not a very long time before nowUsed
- An action that happened in the past
- Action that is completed a short time before the noun.
- Time is not specified in this tense
Rules
"HAVE" and "HAS" is used in the present perfect tense as a helping verb. Auxiliar "Have" and "Has" are used in sentences. "PAST PARTICIPLE" is used as the main verb in the present perfect tense. If the subject is He, She, It, or singular noun, the helping verb "has " is used. If the subject is I, You, We, they or plural noun "Have" is used as a helping verb.
Structure of sentence
In the structure of the sentence, we are going to discuss the structure of positive sentences, negative sentences, and interrogative sentences.Positive sentences
First of all, the subject is used in positive sentences. In positive sentences, if the subject is He, She, It, or singular or proper noun, the helping verb "Has" is used after subject in sentences. If the subject is You, They, I, or plural noun helping verb "Have" is used. After Have and Has, past participle or 3rd form of the verb is used as the main verb. An object is used at the end of the sentence.Structure
Subject +Auxiliary Have + Main verb past participle + object
Subject + Have/Has + VII + Object
Examples
- She has wept bitterly.
- I have helped him.
- You have punished him.
- She has made a noise.
- We have tried our best.
- I have read a book.
- He has played football.
- She has pressed clothes.
- You have bought a book.
- She has left the village.
- We have met him in his office.
Negative sentences
In a negative sentence, first of all, the subject is used, then have or has is used according to the subject. After a helping verb "has" or "have" not is used, the past participle or 3rd form of the verb is used as the main verb. In the end, an object is used.Structure
Subject + Auxiliary Have + Not + Main Verb past participle + Object
Subject + Have/Has + Not +VIII + Object
Examples
- She has not wept bitterly.
- I have not helped him.
- You have not punished him.
- She has not made a noise.
- We have not tried our best.
- I have not read a book.
- He has not played football.
- She has not pressed clothes.
- You have not bought a book.
- She has not left the village.
- We have not met him in his office.
Interrogative Sentences.
In interrogative sentences, first of all, the helping verb have or has is used. After helping has or have, the subject is used, the past participle or 3rd form of the verb is used as the main verb. In the end, the object is used.Examples
- Has he wept bitterly?
- Have I helped him?
- Have you punished him?
- Has she made a noise?
- Habe we tried our best.
- Have we read a book?
- Have we played football?
- has she pressed cloth
- Have you bought a book?
- Has she left the village?
- Have we met him in his office?
Interrogative + Negative Sentences
In interrogative plus negative sentences, the helping verb Have or Has is used at the start of the sentence, then the subject is used. After subject Not is used, then past participle or 3rd form of the verb is used as the main verb. An object is used at the end of the sentence.Structure
Auxiliary + Subject + Not + Main Verb + Object
Have/Has + Subject + Not VIII +Object
Examples
- Has he not wept bitterly?
- Have I not helped him?
- Have you punished him?
- Has she not made a noise?
- Have we not tried our best.
- Have we not read a book?
- Have we not played football?
- has she not pressed cloth
- Have you not bought a book?
- Has she not left the village?
- Have we not met him in his office?
(WH) Interrogative Sentences
In (WH) sentences, "Wh " words are used at the start of the sentence. After "WH" words, the helping verb Have or Has is used according to the subject. After the subject, the past participle or 3rd form of the verb is used as a main verb. An object is used at the end of the sentence.Structure
(WH) Words +Helping Verb + Subject +Maing Verb + Object
Why + Have/Has +Subject +VIII +Object
Examples
- How has he wept bitterly?
- Where have I helped him?
- Why have you punished him?
- How has she made a noise?
- What have we tried our best?
- When have we read a book?
- Why have we played football?
- Where has she pressed cloth?
- How have you bought a book?
- why has she left the village?
- How have we met him in his office?
Exercise
1. I have eaten mangos.I have not eaten mangos.
Have I eaten mangos?
Have I not eaten mangos?
What have I eaten mangos?
2. We have gone to school.
We have not gone to school.
Have we gone to school?
Have we not gone to school?
When have we gone to school?
3. You have started a job.
You have not started a job.
Have you started a job?
Have you not started a job?
Why have you started a job?
4. It has rained.
It has not rained.
Has it rained.?
Has it not rained?
When has it rained?
5. The principal has arrived.
The principal has not arrived.
Has the principal arrived?
Has the principal not arrived?
When has the principal arrived?
6. Goher has left for college.
Goher has not left for college.
Has Goher left for college?
Has Goher not left for college?
How has Goher left for college?
7. She has told a lie.
She has not told a lie.
Has she told a lie?
Has she not told a lie?
Why has she told a lie?
8. We have bought a book.
We have not bought a book.
Have we bought a book?
Have we not bought a book?
Where have we bought a book?
9. She has finished her work.
She has not finished her work.
Has she finished her work?
Has she not finished her work?
When she finished her work?
10. You have started a business.
You have not started a business.
Have you started a business?
Have you not started a business?
When have you started a business?
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