In this article, I have discussed all parts of speech in detail. This article is about the detailed study of parts of speech in the English language. I have given the definitions of all parts of speech in simple words and I have tried to discuss in detail all parts of speech in a single article. This article is a comprehensive study of all parts of speech. I have discussed the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, and article in detail with examples
The noun may be broadly classified as follows:
The pronoun may be broadly classified as follow:
i) The person speaking
ii) The person spoken to
iii) The person spoken of
Examples: I remember her helping us with our problems, not yours.
Indefinite Numeral Adjectives
Indefinite numeral Adjectives do not refer to an exact number. Examples: all, many few, some certain, several, etc.
a) Which expresses a definite time period. Examples: yesterday, now last year, today, etc.
b) Which express duration, length of time: Examples: lately, since, always, temporarily, etc.
c) Which express frequency; They answer how often an action takes place: They are of two types:
Definite: Examples: everyday weekly, monthly, twice, etc.
Indefinite: Examples: seldom, never usually always, normally, etc.
Types of conjunction
They can express such emotions: surprise (Oh) great surprise (Wow) satisfaction (Ah), great satisfaction ( Aha), excitement/ delight (Yippee), pain (Ouch), disgust (Ugh), pleasure, pain (Ooh), exhaustion (Phew).
Types of Preposition
Prepositions may be broadly classified as follows:
Prepositions can express the relation of place, time, agency and instrumentality, manner, cause reason purpose, measure standard rate value, contrast concession, enforce, motive source origin, and possession.
Parts of speech
Definition
Division of words into different kinds or classes according to their use, the work they do in a sentence is known as Parts of Speech. They are as enumerated.1. NOUN
A noun is a word that denotes a person, place, thing idea, living creature, quality, or action. Examples of the cowboy, theatre, thought, tree, kindness, arrival, etc.A Test for Noun
Common Noun
A common noun refers to a common person place or thing. Examples: boy, city shop tree, etc. Common nouns can be shared by all.Proper Noun
Proper nouns refer to particular persons, places, or things Examples: God, Ahmad, Lahore Holy Quran, etc. Proper nouns are always capitalized.Collective Nouns
Collective Nouns refer to a number, or a set of persons, things, or animals regarded as a single group of the same kind. Examples: Crowd, team, class, army, committee, swarm, etc. Being countable they may be singular or plural.Material Nouns or Mass Nouns
Material Nouns refer to substances liquid or solid that are not normally divisible. Examples: Milk, Butter, Sugar, Iron, Glass, Wood, gold, etc. Material nouns are mostly uncountable.Concrete Nouns
Concrete Nuns refer to objects and substances that exist in a physical sense that can be seen heard, tasted smelled, or felt by the body. Examples: bird, house, apple, child, etc.Abstract Nouns
Abstract Nouns refer to the name of special quality, action, emotion, or condition n. Examples: freedom, progress, information, democracy, tennis, philosophy, wisdom, etc. They can be both countable and material.
Count and Non-count Nouns
Count nouns refer to countable things. They have two forms singular or plural. The singular noun refers to one person or thing. It always takes an article with it. Plural form refers to two or more than two persons or things. It can be used with or without an article. It does not take an article when it refers to a person or things in general. Examples: a ticket, two tickets, etc.Non-count Nouns
Non-count nouns refer to uncountable things; Often they are things in liquid or mass form or abstract ideas. They have only one form. Examples: Milk, music, furniture, anger, etc.2. PRONOUN
A Pronoun is used in place of a noun, in order to avoid a noun again and again. Examples: He, She, It, We, They, etc.The pronoun may be broadly classified as follow:
Personal Pronoun
Personal pronouns stand for one of the three personsi) The person speaking
ii) The person spoken to
iii) The person spoken of
Examples: I remember her helping us with our problems, not yours.
Relative Pronoun
Relative Pronouns refer to a word that works like a conjunction as well as a pronoun. They are five in numbers: Who, Whom Whose Which, That, Examples: The man who lives next door borrowed the book that you lent me.Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite pronouns refer to persons or persons, things, or things in a general way and not to any person or thing in particular. They are somebody, someone, anyone, many, nobody, a few, etc. Example: Nobody comes to a party.Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are used to pointing things and persons. This, That, These, Those. Example: Those are my favorite, but these are good too.Distributive pronoun
The distributive pronoun refers to persons or things singly or in separate groups. They are Neither, One, Either, Each, And Everyone, etc. Example: No one was present.Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns refer to persons or things singly or in separate groups. These two in numbers Each other and one another are called reciprocal pronouns in the English language.Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are used when the action done by the subject turns back upon the subject Examples: Myself, yourself, himself, etc.Interrogative Pronoun
Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions. They are five in number. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What, Example: Who said so?3. VERB
A verb is a word that describes an action (doing) something ) or a state (being something) Examples: walk, talk thing, believe, live like want, etc.A test for verbs
We can recognize a verb by asking that we have or not, “Can I do it or not.We can use I can succeed but we can not use I can success . This means succeed is a verb and success isn’t.Types of verb
The verb is classified as follows:1. Main Verb
The main verb refers to the verb which is used as the basis for the main clause in a sentence. Examples: eat drink, sleep study, etc. It is of three types:i) Transitive Verb
The transitive verb that can have an object Examples: eat, drink, drive, etc.ii) Intransitive Verb
The intransitive verb cannot has an object, or be used in the passive. Examples: smile, fall, come, go, etc.iii) Linking verb
A linking verb takes a compliment rather than an object. They usually describe a state or condition, Examples: be, seem, appear, feel, look, stay, smell, sound, taste, grow, fall, run, turn, get become, keep, prove, go, remain a lie, resemble, etc.2. Auxiliary or Helping Verb
Auxiliary verbs are used with another verb to make tenses, passive forms, etc. Examples: do be, have, etc.3. Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are helping verbs that are followed by a verb in the base form. Examples: Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Shall, Will, Should, Would, Ought to, used to, etc.Regular and Irregular verbs:
Main verbs are either regular or irregular. Regular verbs take – ed or –d with a present form to make past and past participles. Examples: talk, look move, charge, etc. Whereas irregular verbs do not take – ed or –d form with the present to make past and past participles. Sometimes the verb changes completely, sometimes there is a half change and sometimes there is no change at all examples: Sing, Sang, Sung, Build, Built, Built, Put, Put, Put. Etc.4. ADJECTIVE
An Adjective is a word that describes anon or pronoun. It tells something about them Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important, etc.A test for Adjectives
A good method to check an adjective when a word is in doubt is, we can apply a test that it is modifying a noun or not. what kind of noun is it? He is a successful businessman is correct because successful answers what kind of businessman is he? He is a successful businessman is incorrect as successfully answers “How” and not “What kind of” This means successful is an adjective and successfully isn’t.Types of Adjectives
An adjective may be broadly classified as follows:1) Adjectives of Quality
Adjectives of quality attribute some quality to a person or thing. Examples: diry hot, large, rich, etc. The answer of what kink?2) Adjectives of Quantity
Adjectives of quantity show the number of things. Examples: enough, little, some, many, etc. They answer How Much?3. Demonstrative Adjective
Demonstrative Adjectives are used to point to persons and things.. Examples: This, that, these, those. They answer which?4. Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives are used with nouns to ask question Examples: what, which, whose. They are only three.5. Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Adjectives refer to the possessive case of pronouns which works as a possessive adjective. Examples: my, your, her, their, etc.6. Numeral Adjectives
Numeral Adjectives refer to how many persons or things are meant or in what order persons or things stand. Examples: one ten first, second, etc. They are of two types.i. Definite Numeral Adjectives
Definite numeral adjectives denote an exact number. Examples: one, two, first second, etc. They are ordinals and cardinals.Ordinals
Ordinals denote how many, as one,k two three, etc.Cardinals
Cardinals denote the order of things in series, as: first, second third. Etc.Indefinite Numeral Adjectives
Indefinite numeral Adjectives do not refer to an exact number. Examples: all, many few, some certain, several, etc.
5. ADVERB
An adverb is a word that describes a verb an adjective and another adverb. It tells how something is done, and when or where something happened. Examples: Quickly, beautifully, good, last day, tomorrow, here everywhere, etc. it is used with a verb, adjective, and another adverb.Types of Adverb
An adverb may be broadly classified as follows:1. Simple Adverbs
Simple adverbs may be divided into 8 subtypesI. Adverb of Manner
Adverbs of Manner describe sate, quality, and state of things. These adverbs show ho or I what manner. Examples: slowly, badly, will, certainly, easily, politely, loudly, etc.II. Adverbs of place
Adverbs of place show where: Examples: here there, aside, backward, above out everywhere, etc.III. Adverbs of time
The adverb of time shows when. Examples: lately, yesterday, seldom, etc. They are three types:a) Which expresses a definite time period. Examples: yesterday, now last year, today, etc.
b) Which express duration, length of time: Examples: lately, since, always, temporarily, etc.
c) Which express frequency; They answer how often an action takes place: They are of two types:
Definite: Examples: everyday weekly, monthly, twice, etc.
Indefinite: Examples: seldom, never usually always, normally, etc.
IV Adverb of reasons or cause
Adverbs of reason or cause Examples: why what, how, etc.V. Adverbs of consequence / Effect / Result
Adverbs of consequence or effect or result Examples: likewise, therefore. Hence, etc.VI. Adverb of Degree/ Quantity
Adverbs of degree/ quantity show how much, or what degree, or to what extent: Examples: almost, also, little, much, too, very partly, etc.VII. Adverbs of affirmation & Negation
Adverbs of affirmation & negation show Yes, no, not, nay, aye, etc.VIII. Adverbs of number
Adverbs of number show numbers or grades. Examples: twice, firstly, etc.2. Relative Adverbs
Relative or conjunctive adverbs work as conjunctions in the sentences: Examples: as, how, then, while, when, where, therefore, nevertheless, etc.3. Interrogative Adverbs
Interrogative adverbs are used to ask questions: Examples: how, when, how many, where, how long, how for, etc.6. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a word that connects two words, two nouns, two phrases, and , two clauses. ; Examples: but, so, and, because, or, etc.Types of conjunction
Conjunctions may be broadly classified as follows:
1. Coordinating Conjunction
Coordinating Conjunctions join words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank to make up one sentence; Examples: for, and nor, but, or, yet, so, etc.( FANBOYS)2. Subordination Conjunction
Subordinating Conjunctions join subordinate clauses to each other or to the main clause: Examples: that because, since, while, after, if, although, whether what, wherever, etc.7. INTERJECTION
An interjection is an unusual kind of word that stands alone. Interjections are words that express sudden emotion, or sudden surprise. : Examples: Ouch! Hello! Hurrah! Oh no! Ha! Etc.They can express such emotions: surprise (Oh) great surprise (Wow) satisfaction (Ah), great satisfaction ( Aha), excitement/ delight (Yippee), pain (Ouch), disgust (Ugh), pleasure, pain (Ooh), exhaustion (Phew).
8. PREPOSITION
A word describes a relationship between nouns. ; Examples: at, of, from, to, with, in, for, etc. . :Types of Preposition
Prepositions may be broadly classified as follows:
1. Simple prepositions.
Simple prepositions : Examples: at by, for, from, in, out, till, etc.2. Compound prepositions
Compound prepositions are a group of words used with the force of a single preposition. Examples: about along, between, inside, etc.Prepositions can express the relation of place, time, agency and instrumentality, manner, cause reason purpose, measure standard rate value, contrast concession, enforce, motive source origin, and possession.
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